UL/FRI/VSP-RI/DS/Vaje/2006-03-02

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Vaje z dne 02.03.2006
UL/FRI/VSP-RI/DS


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Vaja 1

\alpha = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7\\ 7 & 6 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 2 & 1 \end{pmatrix}

\beta = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7\\ 4 & 6 & 2 & 7 & 3 & 5 & 1 \end{pmatrix}

\gamma = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7\\ 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 1 \end{pmatrix}

\alpha\ *\ \beta\ *\ \gamma

\alpha * \beta = \beta \circ \alpha


a) Zapiši \alpha,\ \beta,\ \gamma kot produkt disjunktnih ciklov

\alpha\ =\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ (4)

\beta\ =\ (1\ 4\ 7)\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)

\gamma\ =\ (1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7)


b) \alpha\ *\ \beta\ *\ \gamma

\alpha\ *\ \beta\ *\ \gamma\ =\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ (1\ 4\ 7)\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)\ (1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7)\ =\ (1\ 2\ 6\ 7\ 5\ 3\ 4)


c) \beta\ *\ \alpha\ *\ \gamma

\beta\ *\ \alpha\ *\ \gamma\ =\ (1\ 4\ 7)\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ (1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7)\ =\ (1\ 5\ 6\ 4\ 2\ 3\ 7)


d) Določi parnost permutacij \alpha,\ \beta,\ \gamma

\alpha\ je\ liha

\beta\ je\ liha

\gamma\ je\ soda

e) Določi red permutacij


def. n je red element α, če je najmanjše število, tako da velja \alpha^n\ =\ id

(1\ 2\ 3)\ =\ \alpha^?\ =\ \alpha^3

(1\ 2\ 3)\ (1\ 2\ 3)\ (1\ 2\ 3)\ =\ (1)\ (2)\ (3)\ =\ id

(1\ 2)^2\ =\ id

red\ cikla\ dolzine\ n\ je\ n


\alpha^2\ =\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ =\ (1)\ (2)\ (3)\ (5)\ (6)\ (7)\ =\ id

\alpha\ =\ (1\ 7)\ (2\ 6)\ (3\ 5)\ \leftarrow\ disjunktni\ cikli

\beta^n\ =\ (1\ 4\ 7)^n\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)^n

red\ \beta\ =\ lcm\ (least\ common\ multiplier\ -\ najmanjsi\ skupni\ veckratnik)\ (3,\ 4)\ =\ 12

red\ \gamma\ =\ 7


\beta^{125}\ =\ \beta^5\ =\ (1\ 4\ 7)^5\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)^5\ =\ (1\ 4\ 7)^2\ (2\ 6\ 5\ 3)^1

(1\ 2\ 3\ 4\ 5\ 6\ 7)^5

Vaja 2

\pi\ =\ (1\ 2\ 3\ 5)\ (6\ 5\ 4\ 3)\ (8\ 6\ 4)\ =\ (1\ 2)\ (1\ 3)\ (1\ 5)\ (6\ 5)\ (6\ 4)\ (6\ 3)\ (8\ 6)\ (8\ 4)

a) določi parnost

permutacija je soda

b) red

(1\ 2\ 3\ 5)\ (6\ 5\ 4\ 3)\ (8\ 6\ 4)\ =\ (1\ 2\ 4\ 3\ 8\ 6\ 5)

reda 7

c)

\pi^{2006}\ =\ \pi^4

2006\ =\ 4(7)

\pi^{2006}\ =\ (1\ 8\ 2\ 6\ 4\ 5\ 3)

\pi^{2006}\ =\ \pi^4

Vaja 3

Ni mi uspelo razčleniti (Pretvarjanje v PNG ni uspelo; preverite, ali so latex, dvips, gs, in convert pravilno nameščeni.): \pi = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 & 11 & 12\\ 7 & 1 & 8 & 2 & 9 & 3 & 10 & 4 & 11 & 5 & 12 & 6 \end{pmatrix}


\alpha = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10\\ 4 & 6 & 3 & 5 & 1 & 2 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10 \end{pmatrix}

\beta = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10\\ 8 & 6 & 10 & 9 & 7 & 2 & 5 & 4 & 3 & 1 \end{pmatrix}


a) določi sodost

\pi = (1 7 10 5 9 11 12 6 3 8 4 2)\ -\ liha

\alpha = (1 4 5) (2 6)\ -\ liha

\beta = (1 8 4 9 3 10) (2 6) (5 7)\ -\ liha


b) red \alpha,\ \beta\ in\ \pi

red π = 12

red α = 6

red β = 6


c) reši enačbo πx = α

x = πα

α2xπ = β / α − 2π − 1

x = \alpha^{-2} \beta \pi^{-1}

x = (4 5 1) (1 8 4 9 3 10) (2 6) (5 7) (2 4 8 3 6 12 11 9 5 10 7 1)

= (1 5 3 7 10 2 12 11 9 6 4) (8) - sodo

d) Izračunaj \alpha^{-2000}

α − 2000 = (541)2000(26) − 2000 = (541)2 = (145)

Vaja 3

α = (136)(274)(58)

β = (1362)(457)(89)

a) πα = β / \cdot \alpha^{-1}

π = βα − 1 = (1362)(457)(89)(85)(472)(631) = (1)(264895)(3)


b) π2α = β

π2 = βα − 1(264895) − liha

Ali obstaja rešitev? Taka rešitev ne more obstajati

\pi^2 = \pi * \pi - je vedno soda permutacija


Vaja 4

π2 = (14)(23)

Ali ima π lahko 3 -cikel? Ne. (123)2 = (132)

Ali ima π lahko 2 - cikel? Ne. (12)2 = id

Ali ima π lahko 4 - cikel? Da. (1234)2 = (13)(24)

π = (1243)ali(1342) ima 2 rešitvi


Vaja 6

α = (25)(3146) π(i) = (2i + 3)mod(7) + 1i = 1...7 (πα − 1)2002

\pi = \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7\\ 6 & 1 & 3 & 5 & 7 & 2 & 4 \end{pmatrix}

π = (162)(3)(457)

πα − 1 = (162)(457)(6413)(52) = (1423657)

(πα − 1)(2002) = (1423657)2002 = (...)0 = id

2002 \equiv 0 (7)

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